Crockett KB, Entler KJ, Brodie E, et al. - In view of the key role of depression in suboptimal HIV outcomes, which is probably mediated by adherence self-efficacy beliefs and antiretroviral treatment (ART) adherence behavior, researchers studied a longitudinal sequential path model of the correlation between depressive symptoms and viral nonsuppression in women with HIV (WWH) through these mediating mechanisms via applying social-cognitive theory. In this observational longitudinal study, data from the Women's Adherence and Visit Engagement substudy of the Women's Interagency HIV Study was used. Complete measures of depressive symptoms, adherence self-efficacy, and ART adherence were obtained from 375 WWH. These were assessed for viral load measures and a longitudinal sequential path model spanning 3 time points at least 6 months apart between 2015 and 2017. The analysis revealed an association of depressive symptoms with adherence self-efficacy that in turn result in suboptimal ART adherence and ultimately to viral nonsuppression for WWH. Findings emphasize implementing interventions aimed at addressing depressive symptoms, substance use, and adherence self-efficacy among WWH to diminish the gap between ART prescription and viral suppression on the HIV care continuum.