Wolf H, et al. - The incidence and case fatality of early-onset group B streptococcus sepsis vs sepsis caused by other pathogens in neonates after change of management of intrauterine infection, were compared. They assessed all infants delivered from 1988 through 1997 at a gestational age ≥ 24 weeks with a birth weight ≥ 500 gram without lethal congenital abnormalities. Intrauterine infection was diagnosed during the first period (1988–1991) by a temperature > 38°C; this diagnosis was made at a lower temperature (≥ 37.8°C) or by fetal tachycardia ≥ 160/min during the second period (1992–1997). Inclusion of 6,103 infants was done during the first period and of 8,504 infants during the second period. In the second period, more often intrauterine infection diagnosis and treatment were noted (7.1% vs 2.6%). The second period exhibited significantly lower incidence of early-onset group B streptococcus sepsis than the first period [0.2% vs 0.4%; OR 0.5 (0.3–0.9)] and survival without disability higher [80% vs 52%; OR 4.5 (1.4–16.5)]. However, a similar overall incidence of neonatal sepsis (3.6% vs 3.5%) and overall mortality because of sepsis (14.3% vs 13.1%) were observed in both periods. In view of these findings, they emphasize accounting the incidence of neonatal sepsis caused by other pathogens when performing the evaluation of preventive measures for early-onset group B streptococcus sepsis.