Miller N, et al. – Researchers assessed labor patterns during the trial of labor after cesarean delivery (TOLAC) in relation to epidural analgesia use. They retrospectively analyzed deliveries of women undergoing TOLAC at a single, academic, tertiary medical center, and identified significantly longer labors among women in the TOLAC only group vs women in the previous vaginal delivery (VD) and TOLAC group. Longer first and second stages of labor were evident for women who underwent epidural analgesia in both groups. For women attempting TOLAC, the authors suggested considering operative intervention (instrumental delivery/cesarean delivery) after a 2-hour duration of second stage without epidural and 3-hour duration with epidural, with an hour less for women who also had previous VD.