van Ballegooijen AJ, Beulens JWJ, Keyzer CA, et al. - By analyzing 461 kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) from a single-centre study at median 6.1 years post-transplantation, researchers examined the link of both vitamins D and K status, and vitamin D treatment with all-cause mortality as well as death-censored graft failure. The measurements of vitamins D and K levels were obtained at baseline by 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and dephosphorylated uncarboxylated matrix gla protein (dp-ucMGP) and patients were grouped as 25(OH)D <50/ ≥ 50 nmol/L and median dp-ucMGP < 1057/ ≥ 1057 pmol/L. Findings revealed a high prevalence of combined vitamins D and K deficiency as well as an increased mortality and graft failure risk associated with such deficiency vs high vitamins D and K status. A strong link of low vitamin K status with an increased risk of premature mortality and graft failure was reported for patients managed with vitamin D vs no vitamin D treatment.