Cano JR, Crespob PV, Cruz E, et al. - Researchers sought to illustrate the falsifiability of the "osteoporotic hypothesis" for hip fracture, according to which patients with hip fracture exhibit poorer bone density and mineral composition of bone tissue than when no such fracture is present, and that this circumstance is relevant to the occurrence of a fracture. Forty patients treated with arthroplasty comprised the study population. Same diagnostic protocol and the same antibiotic, anaesthetic, surgical and antithrombotic prophylaxis were undertaken in 20 patients with femoral neck fracture and another twenty with hip osteoarthritis. Determination of levels of calcium(Ca), phosphorus(P) and vitamin D in blood, among other values, was done. Further, a collection of five samples of bone tissue from the proximal femoral metaphysis and their characterization by optical microscopy and microanalytical analysis were done. The analysis revealed no correlation of a decrease in serum levels of Ca and P in patients with hip fracture with any such decrease in bone levels. The organic bone structure was different in patients with hip fracture, with reduced trabecular length and thickness. No correlation between serum levels of vitamin D and bone levels of Ca and P was observed among patients with hip fracture and those with hip osteoarthritis. They recommend aiming treatment for osteoporosis at improving the synthesis of bone trabeculae, to reinforce their structure.