Kapustian V, et al. - In this retrospective case–control study, researchers compared the failure rate of conservative management in patients with and without intrauterine device (IUD), who were admitted with a diagnosis of Tubo-ovarian abscess (TOA). They noted similar surgical intervention rate in TOA patients with and without IUD. The patients with IUD were noted to have significantly larger abscesses as revealed by ultrasound than patients without IUD.