Kohls G, et al. - A large sample of girls and boys with conduct disorder (CD) was compared to typically developing controls (TDCs) regarding emotion processing skills in using a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery. From a European multisite study (FemNAT-CD), 542 youths with CD (317 girls) and 710 TDCs (479 girls), 9 to 18 years of age, were made to complete three experimental tasks assessing emotion recognition, learning, and regulation. Researchers noted impaired emotion recognition (that was linked to more physical and proactive aggression, and higher CU traits), emotional learning (specifically from punishment), and emotion regulation among youths with CD vs TDCs. However, there was no significant difference in impairments in emotion processing among boys and girls with CD. These findings establish that CD is associated with deficient neurocognitive functioning across three emotional domains that have been related to CD etiology.