Corcoran M, et al. - Given the causative role of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in life-threatening illnesses including meningitis and bloodstream infection, researchers sought to describe the influence of 7- and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV7/PCV13) following introduction into the Irish pediatric immunization schedule in 2008 and 2010, respectively. Further, they inscribe the clinical details surrounding suspected PCV vaccine failures. Assessment of serotyping and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of all culture-confirmed cases referred from children < 16 years of age from July 2007 to June 2018 revealed a decrease in the number of IPD cases by > 50% since the introduction of PCVs. The most significant decline PCV serotypes in children < 2 years of age, with a 97% decline in PCV7 serotypes and a 78% decline PCV13-only (PCV13-7) serotypes. However, non-PCV13 serotypes increase in children < 2 years during the same period, with similar serotype trends seen for those 2–4 and 5–15 years of age. They identified 16 vaccine failures; of these, 10 of which were post booster vaccine failures. Serotype 19A and resistance to antimicrobials were evident in most failures. In view of the expansion of the number of non-PCV13 serotypes and their less susceptibility to antimicrobials, they suggest the necessity for higher valency or broader target vaccines to further prevent IPD in children.