Di Benedetto P, Guggino G, Manzi G, et al. - This study was intended to assess the IL-32 expression in the sera and skin samples of 18 SSc-pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) patients, 21 systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients without PAH, 15 patients with idiopathic PAH and 14 healthy controls , by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunohistochemistry. Researchers conducted receiver-operating characteristic curves to assess the cut-off of IL-32 in identifying patients with PAH. They conducted correlation analyses between IL-32 sera levels in SSc patients and mean pulmonary artery pressure evaluated by right heart catheterization and systolic pulmonary artery pressure, obtained by echocardiography. They further compared number of skin IL-32+ cells with modified Rodnan skin score. The data implied that sera determination of IL-32 may be a promising method to assess the presence of PAH in SSc patients and together with longitudinal future studies could assist to increase the understanding how these biomarkers mirror the vascular changes and the inflammatory process during SSc.