Ponirakis G, Abdul-Ghani MA, Jayyousi A, et al. - In this exploratory substudy of an open-label, randomized controlled trial, researchers sought to examine whether insulin resistance (IR) in people with type 2 diabetes undergoing intensive glycemic control determines the extent of improvement in neuropathy. The sample consisted of people with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes treated with exenatide and pioglitazone or insulin to achieve glycated hemoglobin < 7.0% (< 53 mmol/mol). In total, 38 people with type 2 diabetes aged 50.2 ± 8.5 years with (n = 25, 66%) and without (n = 13, 34%) IR were studied. Treatment resulted in a significant decrease in glycated hemoglobin, diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein, as well as an increase in body weight. Nerve regeneration may be limited in people with type 2 diabetes and IR who are taking pioglitazone with exenatide or insulin to improve glycemic control.