Evans M, et al. - A nationwide observational cohort study was conducted in anaemic chronic kidney disease patients in order to assess the initiation time of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESA) and to investigate the safety of a low haemoglobin initiation policy. At haemoglobin < 10.0–11.0 g/dL ESA initiation in non-dialysis patients with chronic kidney disease seemed associated with improved survival in patients otherwise treated according to guidelines.