Imai R, et al. - In adult patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), researchers examined blood inflammatory markers compared to healthy controls, taking account of potentially confounding effects of childhood maltreatment and comorbid major depressive disorder (MDD). In addition, they explored the association between inflammation and cognition. PTSD patients showed significantly higher serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels compared to controls, as well as lower Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) scores. No association of IL-6 levels with comorbid MDD or Childhood Trauma Questionnaire scores was noted. RBANS visuospatial construction, language, attention, and total scores were significantly negatively correlated with IL-6 levels in patients. These results indicate that elevated IL-6 is linked to PTSD and that decreased cognitive function in PTSD may be partly due to increased inflammation.