Bingham B, et al. - In this retrospective analysis, researchers studied Indigenous (the term “Indigenous” collectively describes the Indigenous people of Canada) and non-Indigenous people in terms of history and current state of experiencing homelessness and mental illness. A total of 1,010 people were included, 439 of whom were Indigenous. Findings revealed that being homeless at a younger age, having a lifetime duration of homelessness longer than 3 years, post-traumatic stress disorder, less severe mental disorder, alcohol dependence, more severe substance use in the past month, and infectious disease were independently linked to Indigenous ethnicity. It is necessary to develop responses to Indigenous homelessness and to address trauma, substance use, and family separation in the context of reconciliation between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Canadians.