McNeill A, et al. - Former smokers who were daily users of nicotine vaping products (vapers) were compared to those who were not vaping at the time of survey (non-vapers) for indicators of prior and current cigarette smoking dependence and of relapse. Researchers performed a cross-sectional survey-based comparison among 1,070 people aged 18+ years from the 2016 ITC 4 Country Smoking and Vaping Wave 1 Survey. Compared to non-vapers, vapers more frequently reported having smoked within 5 minutes of waking, having smoked >10 cigarettes/day, perceiving themselves to be still very addicted to smoking, and feeling extremely confident about staying quit. Vapers vs non-vapers showed no higher likelihood of reporting any urges to smoke.