Maitre T, et al. - In the present study, researchers provided an epidemiological update regarding the prevalence of lung diseases in persons living with the human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) hospitalised in France from 2007 to 2013 as well as evaluated the relationship between HIV and incident non-infectious disease over 4 years of follow-up. Non-infectious lung diseases increased significantly from 45.6% to 54.7% between 2007 and 2013 whereas the proportion of patients with at least one infectious lung diseases reduced significantly among PLHIV hospitalised with lung disease. Findings suggested an association of HIV infection with COPD, chronic respiratory failure, emphysema, lung fibrosis and PAH even after adjustment for smoking. In this population, the emergence of non-infectious lung disease in particular COPD, emphysema, lung fibrosis, PAH and chronic respiratory disease in PLHIV would justify mass screening.