Juan CC, Chen KH, Chen CW, et al. - Researchers conducted a case–control study including 15 women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and 15 controls, with the aim to determine the correlation between circulating chemokine cysteine–cysteine motif ligand (CCL) 5 levels and cysteine–cysteine chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and adipose tissue with hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance in patients with PCOS. Women with PCOS showed significantly higher levels of CCL5 and had significantly higher expression of CCR5 in adipose tissue and PBMCs compared with that in women in the control group. In women with PCOS, elevated levels of CCL5 and overexpression of CCR5 in PBMCs and adipose tissue are linked with hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance. In addition, they identified a possible utility of CCR5 and CCL5 as biomarkers in the pathogenesis of PCOS.