Sereno M, He Z, Smith CR, et al. - Currently, the clinical stage governs the decision to consider adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) for non‐small cell lung cancer. Researchers here investigated the utility of other routinely obtained pathological variables related to metastasis and survival in predicting the efficacy of AC in lung adenocarcinoma. They used a retrospective single‐center series of 620 resected lung non‐mucinous adenocarcinoma cases. Both pathological nodal involvement and early death could be predicted with several high‐risk pathological criteria: positive vascular invasion status (VI+), positive visceral pleural invasion status (VPI+), and solid/micropapillary‐predominant WHO tumour type (SPA/MPPA). In addition, patient groups benefiting from AC can be identified by these criteria. They commonly observed cases exhibiting VI+/VPI+/SPA/MPPA histology in the absence of AC stage criteria (170 of 620 total), and 8 of these had received AC. Much better outcomes were achieved in this group relative to equivalent untreated cases in matched analysis. Preliminary evidence thus suggested that significantly improved outcomes in operable lung adenocarcinoma may be achieved by considering AC in patients with additional high‐risk pathological indicators, and that AC may be currently underused.