Girmenia C, et al. – This study was performed to find out incidence, risk factors and outcome of pre engraftment Gram-negative bacteremia (GNB) after allogeneic and autologous hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant (HSCT). Study's outcomes highlighted pre–engraftment GNB as an independent factor associated with increased mortality at four months from auto–HSCT and allo–HSCT. In addition, previous infectious history and colonization monitoring represented major indicators of GNB.