Youssef A, Hafez H, Madney Y, et al. - Researchers focused on bloodstream infections (BSI) after hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) for malignant disease in 302 consecutive pediatric patients, for whom clinical and microbiological data during the first 100 days after transplantations were retrospectively studied. Overall 164 patients who underwent autologous and 138 who had allogeneic HSCT were included. The overall incidence of BSI was estimated to be 37%, the occurrence of 92% of infectious episodes was reported during the pre-engraftment phase. Gram-positive bacteria (GPB), gram-negative bacteria (GNB), and fungi accounted for 54.6%, 43.9%, and 1.4% of the isolated pathogens, respectively. The most commonly isolated GPB and GNB were coagulase-negative staphylococci and Escherichia coli, respectively. Findings revealed a common incidence of BSI among this patient population. An increased risk of post-transplant BSI was observed in relation to factors such as allogeneic HSCT recipients and prior BSI within 6 months before HSCT. No increased risk for 100-day mortality appeared in relation to the presence of BSI, with current supportive measures.