Teixeira CSS, Pescarini JM, Alves FJO, et al. - Researchers aimed at determining new case detection rates of leprosy among household contacts of patients with previously diagnosed leprosy. In addition, they sought its associated risk factors. Families registered in the 100 Million Brazilian Cohort linked with nationwide registries of leprosy were included in this population-based cohort study; data collection was performed from January 1, 2007, through December 31, 2014. Analysis revealed higher incidence of leprosy among 42,725 household contacts of patients with leprosy than that in the overall cohort and the incidence recorded in 2017 in Brazil. Higher odds of developing leprosy were reported for household contacts of patients with multibacillary leprosy. Further, contacts aged 50 years or older were noted to be at higher risk of developing the disease. Negative association was observed between leprosy detection and illiterate or preschool educational level. Among children, boys were noted to be at higher risk. Findings here emphasize targeting household contacts of patients with previously diagnosed leprosy for public health intervention.