Carranza-Mendizabal CS, Diaz-Manrique M, Ruiz Mamani PG, et al. - In this retrospective analysis of 216 preterm infants, researchers investigated prevalence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) as well as likely risk factors related to ROP development in newborns admitted to a neonatal unit of a Peruvian National Reference Hospital. Findings revealed that among very low birth weight infants, the estimated incidence of ROP was 71.6%. Risk factors associated with ROP development included: infants with weight below 1500 grams, neonatal sepsis, presence of hyaline membrane disease whose mother had vaginal delivery. Therefore, ROP can be avoided mainly by preventing premature births and by encouraging exclusive breastfeeding.