Arefaine ZG, Abebe S, Bekele E, et al. - Researchers investigated the incidence and predictors of opportunistic infections (OIs) after initiation of high active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in Ethiopia. They used structured data extraction sheet to conduct a health facility based single centered cohort study including all HIV positive ART naive adolescents and adults who started HAART between January 2009 and May 2012. After HAART, they noted OI incidence of 7.5 cases/100 person years. The leading OIs after HAART were tuberculosis, oral candidiasis, pneumonia and toxoplasmosis. Predictors for its occurrence were a bed ridden functional status at initiation of HAART, presence of OIs before HAART, non-adherence and low hemoglobin level. Relative to previous studies, this work revealed higher incidence of OIs after HAART. Strict follow up is recommended in patients with the identified risk factors in order to decrease the morbidity and mortality attributed to OIs. In Ethiopian patients, opportunistic infections and mortality may reduce after the initiation of HAART with earlier initiation of HAART before advanced immune suppression, better management of TB and extended baseline assessment.