Morgan DJR, et al. - Researchers examined if outpatient, emergency department, and inpatient mental health service use increases following bariatric surgery. For this statewide, mirror-image, longitudinal cohort study, data of a total of 24,766 patients [mean age: 42.5 (11.7) years; 19,144 (77.3%): women] who underwent index bariatric surgery were obtained from the Western Australian Department of Health Data Linkage Branch records. Over a 10-year study period, 1 in 6 patients undergoing bariatric surgery (16.7%) used at least 1 perioperative episode of a mental health service. Significantly more common outpatient, emergency department, and inpatient psychiatric presentations were observed after surgery vs before surgery. This was particularly observed among those who had prior psychiatric illnesses or developed surgical complications requiring further surgery. These findings suggest either inefficacy of or inconsistent adherence to the current professional bariatric surgery guidelines recommending preoperative psychological assessments and the deferment of surgery in patients with active psychiatric conditions. They recommend routinely assessing and informing patients preoperatively about the potential associations of bariatric surgery with mental health outcomes.