Park K, Özgüroğlu M, Vansteenkiste J, et al. - Given that the primary endpoint of improving overall survival (OS) with avelumab compared with docetaxel in patients with platinum-treated PD-L1+ (programmed cell death 1 ligand 1) NSCLC (non-small cell lung cancer) was not met in the JAVELIN Lung 200 phase 3 trial, researchers present post hoc analyses examining how OS can be impacted by subsequent immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment. Randomization of stage IIIB/IV NSCLC patients that progressed after platinum-doublet therapy to avelumab or docetaxel was done. Analysis of OS was done in the PD-L1+ group (≥ 1% of tumor cells) and in a full analysis set (PD-L1+ or PD-L1−). A subsequent ICI in the avelumab and docetaxel arms was administered to 16/396 (4.0%) and 104/396 (26.3%) after a median time period of 10.5 months and 5.7 months, respectively. Findings revealed clinical activity was displayed by avelumab as second-line therapy for advanced NSCLC in the JAVELIN Lung 200 trial. In post hoc analyses, it was indicated that the primary OS evaluation may have been confounded by subsequent ICI use in the docetaxel arm.