Wang M, et al. - Whether greater residual kidney function (RKF) lessens the link between dialysis dose and mortality was determined by assessing the interaction between single-pool Kt/V (spKt/V) and renal urea clearance (rCL_urea) levels in 32,251 incident hemodialysis patients in a large US dialysis organization (2007-2011), via survival analyses using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model. At higher hemodialysis doses, the expected better survival was not seen in incident hemodialysis patients with substantial RKF. Among incident hemodialysis patients, the dose of dialysis treatment should be decided taking RKF levels into account.