Kneidinger N, et al. - This study was designed to investigate the potential benefit of pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) in patients awaiting lung transplantation treated with noninvasive ventilation (NIV). In addition to its feasibility, PR was found to be associated with improvements of exercise capacity and quality of life in patients with end-stage lung disease awaiting lung transplantation on nocturnal NIV. Notably, treatment with vs without NIV while awaiting lung transplantation afforded an increased benefit of PR despite the presence of more advanced lung disease.