Ertilav M, et al. - A large population of prevalent hemodialysis (HD) patients (n=3.252) from 41 HD centers was followed-up for both short-term and long-term to assess the role of inflammation as a modifier of the link between body mass index (BMI) and mortality. Based on time-averaged BMI, patients were classified into quartiles (Q1 < 21.5, Q2 21.5 to <24.3, Q3 24.3 to <27.4, Q4 ≥ 27.4 kg/m²). Researchers defined inflammation status as present (inflamed if C-reactive protein ≥1.0 mg/dL and/or serum albumin ≤3.5 g/dL) or absent (noninflamed). The death of 1386 patients (42.6%) was reported during 7 years of follow-up. Lower short-term and long-term mortality risk was reported in relation to higher BMI, this was particularly seen in patients with inflammation.