Ertilav M, et al. - Researchers investigated if the link between body mass index (BMI) and mortality was modified by the presence of inflammation in 3.252 hemodialysis (HD) patients from 41 HD centers during both short-term and long-term follow-up. According to time-averaged BMI, the grouping of patients into quartiles was done (Q1 < 21.5, Q2 21.5 to <24.3, Q3 24.3 to <27.4, Q4 ≥ 27.4 kg/m²). Patients with C-reactive protein (CRP) ≥1.0 mg/dL and/or serum albumin ≤3.5 g/dL defined the presence of inflammation and those who did not fulfill this criterion had an absent inflammation status. Follow-up of 7 years was performed. In a prevalent HD population, lower short-term and long-term mortality risk was observed in relation to a higher BMI, this was particularly seen in patients with inflammation.