Liu X, et al. - In the Nurses' Health Study (NHS, 1976-2014) and the NHSII (1989-2015), authors examined 230,732 females to analyze the consequence and timing of smoking cessation on the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and serologic phenotypes. They noticed current smoking raised the risk for all RA and seropositive RA vs never smoking; the same effect was not seen for seronegative RA. They found a correlation between increased smoking pack-years and an increased trend of risk for all RA and seropositive RA. They also observed an inverse relationship between duration of smoking cessation and risk for all RA and seropositive RA. A modestly elevated RA risk was still seen 30 years after quitting smoking, but compared to recent quitters (<5 years), those who quit ≥30 years ago had HR of 0.63 for seropositive RA.