Tapias LF, Wright CD, Lanuti M, et al. - After airway or oesophageal surgery, failure of anastomotic healing is a morbid complication, researchers here examined the utility of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) to rescue at-risk anastomoses or manage anastomotic failures in thoracic surgery. Twenty-five patients who were provided HBOT as part of the management of tracheal or oesophageal anastomotic problems during 2007–2018 were retrospective reviewed. delivery of HBOT was done at 2 atm with 100% oxygen in 90-min sessions. Among participants, two patients were administered HBOT as prophylaxis. Twenty of 23 (87%) patients had healing of airway anastomosis. Overall, 19 (83%) patients had a satisfactory long-term airway outcome and there were 4 patients who failed and required reoperation (2 tracheostomies and 1 T-tube). In two patients, HBOT was used after oesophagectomy to manage focal necrosis or ischaemia at the anastomosis, with success in 1 patient. Based on these outcomes, they recommend considering HBOT as an adjunct in the management of anastomotic problems after airway surgery. It may also play a role after oesophagectomy. Rapid granulation, early re-epithelialization and angiogenesis are the possible mechanisms of action involved.