Alli BY, Burk RD, Fatahzadeh M, et al. - Given the higher likelihood of people living with HIV (PLWH) to smoke and harbor oral human papillomavirus (HPV) infections, which put them at higher risk for head and neck cancer, researchers here examined the joint effects of HIV and smoking on risk of oral HPV. From two large health centers in United States, they assessed 169 PLWH and 126 at-risk HIV-negative individuals for their lifetime smoking history using questionnaires. HPV genotyping by Next-Generation Sequencing was performed on oral rinse samples provided by the participants. Tobacco smoking was identified to be a risk factor for oral HPV among PLWH. Oral HPV were identified more frequently among PLWH than HIV-negative individuals. The association between smoking and detection of high-risk oral HPV was noted to be positively affected by HIV infection.