Hird TR, Partap U, Moodley P, et al. - This study was intended to investigate the relationship of anaemia, HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy (ART) with HbA1c, and implications for the detection and diagnosis of diabetes, in a black South African population. Researchers conducted a population-based cross-sectional study in eThekwini Municipality (Durban), South Africa to evaluate HbA1c and oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs), HIV diagnostic tests and full blood count measurements were conducted among 1067 participants without a history of a diabetes diagnosis. They compared HbA1c-based diabetes prevalence with OGTT-based prevalence among individuals with anaemia and with untreated and ART-treated HIV. The outcomes imply that anaemia and HIV status seem unlikely to materially affect the utility of HbA1c for diabetes detection and diagnosis in this population. There is a need for future trials to explore these relationships in sub-Saharan African populations.