Hird TR, Partap U, Moodley P, et al. - This study was undertaken to investigate the relationship of anaemia, HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy (ART) with HbA1c, and implications for the detection and diagnosis of diabetes, in a black South African population. Researchers evaluated HbA1c and conducted oral glucose tolerance tests, HIV diagnostic tests and full blood count measurements among 1,067 participants without a history of diabetes diagnosis in this population-based cross-sectional study in eThekwini municipality (Durban), South Africa. They used linear regression to analyze differences in HbA1c by anaemia (comparator: no anaemia), or HIV and ART (comparator: no HIV) status. The outcomes imply that anaemia and HIV status seem unlikely to materially affect the utility of HbA1c for diabetes detection and diagnosis in this population. There is a need for future trials to analyze these relationships in sub-Saharan African populations.