Nguyen C, et al. - Researchers assessed if serum galactose-deficient immunoglobulin A1 (Gd-IgA1) is correlated with in vitro activation of mesangial cells in individual patients and how this impacts clinical and histologic parameters. In the University Hospital Basel and Hammersmith Hospital, London, serum samples and clinical and histologic data were collected. Findings suggested a correlation of higher serum Gd-IgA1 concentration with stronger mesangial cell inflammatory response with production of a greater amount of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in vitro, which seems correlated with severe histologic changes. More pronounced mesangial cell inflammatory response leading to more severe histologic changes seemed to mediate disease progression, with worse renal outcome in patients with higher serum Gd-IgA1.