Ellis RJ, Paolillo E, Saloner R, et al. - The finding revealed that the effect of comorbidities on neurocognitive decline exceeded that of HIV disease factors. Although correlative, the temporal association implied that treatment of comorbidities might improve the neurocognitive prognosis for PWH.

• Researchers enrolled a total of 1,195 PWH individuals (mean baseline age 43·0; SD 9·7 years) followed for a mean of 7·1 years (range 0·5-20·5).

• The findings demonstrated that more rapid neurocognitive worsening associated with higher (worse) average Charlson scores (standardized β -0·062, SE 0·015; p=0·001) and lower CD4 nadir (standardized β 0·055, SE 0·021; p=0·011) at the between-person level, but not viral suppression or average CD4+ lymphocytes (ps > 0·05).

• It has been reported that at the within-person level, poorer visit-specific neurocognition was related to worse concurrent, but not preceding, Charlson scores (standardized β-0·046, SE 0·015; p = 0·003), detectable HIV viral load (standardized β0·018, SE 0·006; p = 0·001) and higher CD4+ (standardized β0·043, SE 0·009; p < 0·001).