du Plessis AM, et al. - In perinatally HIV-infected children, chronic lung disease is commonly seen as they more and more survive to adolescence, so researchers analyzed data on the radiologic spectrum of disease in this population. They conducted contrasted high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) in ambulatory South African youths registered in a prospective study of perinatally-infected adolescents aged 9 to 14 years established on combined antiretroviral therapy (cART). The median age of 100 HRCT participants was 13.8 years (12.8-15.1). It was noted that the median duration on cART was 8.4 years. The most common finding was mosaic attenuation, and at the time of HIV diagnosis, most patients with mosaic attenuation had stage III or IV HIV disease. In perinatally HIV-infected adolescents, HRCT changes were common despite well-controlled HIV and long duration of cART. Small airway disease with and without related bronchiectasis was highly prevalent. These modifications were connected with previous pulmonary or severe pneumonia. In order to decrease the burden of chronic lung disease in teenagers infected with HIV, strategies to avoid and treat early-life respiratory infection need to be reinforced.