Hakim AJ, Iwamoto C, Badman SG, et al. - This study was intended to assess the prevalence of chlamydia and gonorrhea and the need for sexually transmitted infection testing among men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TGW) in Papua New Guinea. Between 2016 and 2017, respondent-driven sampling surveys among MSM or TGW were conducted in Port Moresby, Lae, and Mt Hagen to measure the prevalence of the aforementioned infections. Researchers included 400 individuals in Port Moresby, 352 in Lae, and 111 in Mt Hagen. Regardless of the anatomical site, chlamydia prevalence rates in the three cities were 19.9%, 19.2%, and 24.3%, respectively, gonorrhea prevalence rates regardless of anatomical site were 10.3%, 9.4%, and 9.6%, respectively, and hepatitis B virus prevalence rates were 11.7%, 13.8%, and 13.6%, respectively. For chlamydia and gonorrhea detection and treatment, there is a large unmet need among MSM and TGW in Papua New Guinea. The results indicated that the high prevalence of HBV reinforces the importance of ensuring the introduction and scale-up of HBV treatment and immunization. To ensure these populations have access to much needed treatment services, urgent efforts to introduce laboratory-based diagnosis for chlamydia and gonorrhea are needed.