Szili-Torok T, et al. - In this prospective longitudinal study, researchers ascertained if baseline cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) in renal transplant recipients (RTR) is correlated with incident new-onset diabetes after transplantation (NODAT) during follow-up. Study participants included 405 diabetes-free RTR with a functioning graft for > 1 year. Fifty-seven patients (14.1%) developed NODAT during a median follow-up of 9.6 years. CEC was significantly linked to NODAT in Cox regression analyses, regardless of HDL cholesterol levels, adiposity, immunosuppressive medication and kidney function. The Framingham Diabetes Risk Score's predictive power was significantly enhanced by the addition of CEC. HDL CEC strongly predicts NODAT in RTR, independent of several other risk factors.