Prasad M, Saade GR, Sandoval G, et al. - Researchers examined an obstetric population from 2012 to 2015 for the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody and for determining current risk factors associated with HCV antibody positivity. In addition, they sought novel composite risk factors for recognition of groups most likely to exhibit HCV antibody seropositivity. The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units Network offered HCV antibody screening to 106,842 women; positive results were obtained in 254. The HCV antibody seroprevalence rate was 2.4 cases per 1,000 women. This cohort thereby suggests a low seroprevalence of HCV antibody. This case–control analysis included women who visited for prenatal care before 23 weeks of gestation without a known multifetal gestation; the case group comprised 131 women who were HCV antibody–positive and the control group included 251 women who were HCV antibody–negative. HCV antibody positivity was observed in correlation with the following factors: injection drug use, blood transfusion, having a partner with HCV, more than three lifetime sexual partners, and smoking. A composite of any of these potential risk factors yielded the greatest sensitivity for identification of HCV antibody (75/82 cases, 91%). These outcomes may allow determining new strategies for recognizing mothers with the HCV antibody and the neonates susceptible to maternal transmission of HCV.