Jones ME, et al. - Given a low risk of hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission from single sexual contact in Australia and the assumption of widespread immunity from vaccination, researchers sought to ascertain the requirement for hepatitis B postexposure prophylaxis following recent sexual assault. Through the Victorian Forensic Paediatric Medical Service (VFPMS) at the Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia, they assessed records of patients aged 13–17 years who presented for forensic medical examination following an alleged penetrative sexual assault to VFPMS between 1 January 2007 and 31 December 2016. Among 2,121 reviewed records, 420 individuals were identified as eligible for inclusion. HBsAb levels were measured at initial presentation in 26.2% (n = 110) of these individuals. Titre levels less than 10 (deemed to be non‐protective) were reported in 45.5% (n = 50) and therefore, these were vulnerable to HBV infection. Risk of hepatitis B infection was thus evident in a high proportion of Australian adolescents presenting following recent sexual assault. Timely prophylaxis was reported in very few individuals. Poor follow‐up attendance rates was observed. This group of adolescents may exhibit reduction in the risk of HBV infection in correlation to receiving the hepatitis B booster vaccine at the point of contact.