Yotsueda R, et al. - The link between hemoglobin concentration and risk of hemorrhagic or ischemic stroke was studied in patients undergoing prevalent hemodialysis and who were followed up over 4 years. Using the Kaplan–Meier method and a Cox proportional hazards model, these associations were analyzed. The baseline hemoglobin concentration was divided into quartiles (hemoglobin [g/dL]: Q1, ≤9.7; Q2, 9.8–10.5; Q3, 10.6–11.1; Q4, ≥11.2). Those with lower hemoglobin concentrations were found to have a significantly higher 4-year incidence rate of hemorrhagic stroke, while no link was found with the rate of ischemic stroke. Overall, low hemoglobin concentrations were shown to be related to a high risk of hemorrhagic stroke, but not of ischemic stroke, in patients undergoing hemodialysis.