Okada Y, et al. - In this prospective cohort study, researchers assessed the incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in relation to baseline serum uric acid level in combination with daily alcohol consumption, by performing multivariate analysis using Cox proportional hazards models. Participants (n=9,116) were middle-aged nondiabetic ­Japanese men without CKD nor proteinuria. These subjects were not on antihypertensive medications or urate-lowering medications at entry. An increased risk of CKD was observed in relation to higher serum uric acid levels and a decreased risk was evident in relation to moderate daily alcohol consumption, in multivariate models. Findings revealed independent associations of serum uric acid level and daily alcohol consumption, with the risk of CKD. The highest risk of CKD was found in nondrinkers with the highest serum uric acid level.