Gao B, Zhong M, Shen Q, et al. - This is the first study comparing the gut microbiota during early pregnancy of women with hyperglycaemia to those with normal blood glucose. Using high throughput sequencing of the V3-V4 region of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene, gut microbial composition was analyzed in 22 women with hyperglycaemia and 28 age-matched healthy controls during their first prenatal visits (< 20 weeks). Compared with healthy pregnant women, those with hyperglycemia in pregnancy (HIP) had significantly lower microbial richness and diversity. The authors discovered that individuals with HIP had an increased abundance of Nocardiaceae, Fusobacteriaceae, etc., while healthy controls had significantly higher levels of Christensenellaceae, Clostridiales_vadinBB60_group, Coriobacteriaceae, etc. Findings showed that individuals with HIP have gut microbial dysbiosis and that certain bacterial groups are correlated with glucose metabolism during pregnancy.