Matsumoto C, Ogawa H, Saito Y, et al. - Researchers compared the efficacy of long-term use of low-dose aspirin for the prevention of dementia in men and women. They conducted a follow-up cohort study of the Japanese Primary Prevention of Atherosclerosis with Aspirin for Diabetes (JPAD) trial, which was a randomized, open-label, standard care–controlled trial investigating the influences of low-dose aspirin on cardiovascular events. From the JPAD trial, 2,536 Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), enrolled from 2002 to 2017, were followed. Dementia was reported in 128 patients during a median follow-up of 11.4 years. Furthermore, a significant reduction was noted in the risk of dementia in women, but not in men. Thus long-term low-dose aspirin may have clinical utility in reducing the risk of dementia in women with T2D.