Leiter U, Stadler R, Mauch C, et al. - Researchers describe the findings of 72 months of median follow up in patients with cutaneous melanoma of the trunk and extremities with positive sentinel lymph-node biopsy who were randomly allocated to complete lymph node dissection (CLND) or observation in the multicenter randomized phase III German Dermatologic Cooperative Oncology Group trial (DeCOG), wherein, distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), recurrence-free survival (RFS), and overall survival (OS) were compared in these two groups. The primary endpoint was DMFS and secondary endpoints were RFS, OS, and recurrences in the regional lymph node basin. They found higher event rates in this final analysis of the German Dermatologic Cooperative Oncology Group trial with a median follow up of 72 months, but the observed HRs were similar to those at the 3-year analysis. Non-superiority of immediate CLND to observation was confirmed in sentinel lymph node (SLN)-positive patients, in terms of DMFS, RFS, or OS. In patients with SLN metastasis, not advising CLND was supported.