Luo Z, et al. - This study was planned to detect the rates of treatment failure and reinfection after syphilis treatment and to explore the potential associated factors. As per multivariate logistics analysis, the stage of syphilis, HIV status and frequency of condom use were significantly associated with the serological outcome. Findings thus suggested the importance of performing regular clinical and serologic evaluations after treatment. Researchers recommended intensification of health counseling and safety education on sex activity among HIV-infected patients and secondary syphilis patients after treatment.