Mignard C, Maho-Vaillant M, Golinski ML, et al. - Researchers undertook this post hoc analysis of a randomized clinical trial (Comparison Between Rituximab Treatment and Oral Corticosteroid Treatment in Patients With Pemphigus [RITUX 3]), to assess factors related to short-term relapse among patients who received rituximab for pemphigus. Participants were from tertiary care centers in France from the RITUX 3 trial. Also, 3 newly diagnosed patients managed as per the trial protocol (1000 mg of intravenous rituximab on days 0 and 14 and 500 mg at months 12 and 18 combined with a short-term prednisone regimen) were included. A baseline Pemphigus Disease Area Index score of 45 or higher corresponding to severe pemphigus, and persistent anti–desmoglein 1 antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay level higher than 20 IU/mL and/or anti–desmoglein 3 antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay level higher than 130 IU/mL 3 months post-rituximab therapy were identified as 2 factors that were related to early relapse. A positive predictive value and a negative predictive value of 50% and 94%, respectively, was afforded by these factors for the occurrence of early relapse. In distinguishing a subgroup of patients carrying a high risk of relapse for whom maintenance rituximab infusion at month 6 might be beneficial from a subgroup with low risk of relapse who do not require early maintenance therapy, these 2 factors might be helpful.