Daniels LM, et al. - An exploration was performed of the connections between extreme erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) elevations (≥100 mm/h) and diseases, age, sex, race, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), and C-reactive protein (CRP) level. Nearly all patients presented with an identifiable etiology for extreme ESR elevations. Infection served as the most common disease link. In contrast to prior studies, higher ESRs were discovered in men than in women as well as no correlations with age, race, and comorbid illness. The yielded data could enhance the diagnostic evaluation of patients with extreme ESR elevations.