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Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for patients with COVID-19 in severe respiratory failure

JAMA Surgery Aug 14, 2020

Mustafa AK, Alexander PJ, Joshi DJ, et al. - Via assessing the retrospective data of their 40 consecutive patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) who were in severe respiratory failure and supported with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), researchers sought to report on their experience in using single-access, dual-stage venovenous ECMO, with an emphasis on early extubation of patients while they received ECMO support. Among these patients, 30 (75%) were men, 16 (40%) were African American, and 14 (35%) were Hispanic individuals. They observed a higher prevalence of and associated mortality with acute cor pulmonale in patients with COVID-19, emphasizing the significance of protecting the right side of the heart. Complications were more frequently observed in correlation with prolonged ventilation, including the need for sedatives and patient immobility. Given the higher tendency for developing generalized thrombosis, including intracardiac thrombi, patients with COVID-19 were administered systemic anticoagulation. Outcomes in these patients support the safety and effectiveness of single-access, dual-stage venovenous ECMO with early extubation in patients with COVID-19 respiratory failure. The advantages conferred by the single-access, dual-stage cannula were: direct pulmonary artery flow, thus improving oxygenation and ventilation; early mobility once off the ventilator; minimal cannula-associated complications or revisions, dissimilar to femoral cannulations; and finally, support of the right side of the heart in case of right ventricular dysfunction.

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