Gong D, Wang Y, Wang Y, et al. - Researchers sought to define targets, other than prostate specific antigen and prostate cancer antigen 3, for the diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction of therapeutic response in prostate cancer (CaP). For this purpose, they used a solid-phase antibody array, which can simultaneously identify 200 proteins, for the screening of novel blood-based biomarkers. Using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, validation was sought for the identified targets. They discovered 38 proteins. Insulin, SDF-1a, CD40L, IL-18 and NCAM-1 were identified as the top five cytokines interacting with most other cytokines, indicating the significance of these five targets in the pathogenesis of CaP. These five targets showed more sensitivity for the early diagnosis and prognosis of CaP, and therefore, could serve as more effective therapeutic targets. Overall, new serum biomarkers for CaP may be found in the 38 differentially expressed cytokines identified in this study.